Deception Point Page 10

The President dropped a sugar cube into his mug. â€Å"As surprising as this may sound, the NASA discovery I'm referring to was made by EOS.† Now Rachel felt lost. If EOS had enjoyed a recent success, NASA certainly would have announced it, wouldn't they? Her father had been crucifying EOS in the media, and the space agency could use any good news they could find. â€Å"I've heard nothing,† Rachel said, â€Å"about any EOS discovery.† â€Å"I know. NASA prefers to keep the good news to themselves for a while.† Rachel doubted it. â€Å"In my experience, sir, when it comes to NASA, no news is generally bad news.† Restraint was not a forte of the NASA public relations department. The standing joke at the NRO was that NASA held a press conference every time one of their scientists so much as farted. The President frowned. â€Å"Ah, yes. I forget I'm talking to one of Pickering's NRO security disciples. Is he still moaning and groaning about NASA's loose lips?† â€Å"Security is his business, sir. He takes it very seriously.† â€Å"He damn well better. I just find it hard to believe that two agencies with so much in common constantly find something to fight about.† Rachel had learned early in her tenure under William Pickering that although both NASA and the NRO were space-related agencies, they had philosophies that were polar opposites. The NRO was a defense agency and kept all of its space activities classified, while NASA was academic and excitedly publicized all of its breakthroughs around the globe – often, William Pickering argued, at the risk of national security. Some of NASA's finest technologies-high-resolution lenses for satellite telescopes, long-range communications systems, and radio imaging devices – had a nasty habit of appearing in the intelligence arsenal of hostile countries and being used to spy against us. Bill Pickering often grumbled that NASA scientists had big brains†¦ and even bigger mouths. A more pointed issue between the agencies, however, was the fact that because NASA handled the NRO's satellite launches, many of NASA's recent failures directly affected the NRO. No failure had been more dramatic than that of August 12, 1998, when a NASA/Air Force Titan 4 rocket blew up forty seconds into launch and obliterated its payload – a $1.2 billion NRO satellite code-named Vortex 2. Pickering seemed particularly unwilling to forget that one. â€Å"So why hasn't NASA gone public about this recent success?† Rachel challenged. â€Å"They certainly could use some good news right now.† â€Å"NASA is being silent,† the President declared, â€Å"because I ordered them to be.† Rachel wondered if she had heard him correctly. If so, the President was committing some kind of political hara-kiri that she did not understand. â€Å"This discovery,† the President said, â€Å"is†¦ shall we say†¦ nothing short of astounding in its ramifications.† Rachel felt an uneasy chill. In the world of intelligence, â€Å"astounding ramifications† seldom meant good news. She now wondered if all the EOS secrecy was on account of the satellite system having spotted some impending environmental disaster. â€Å"Is there a problem?† â€Å"No problem at all. What EOS discovered is quite wonderful.† Rachel fell silent. â€Å"Suppose, Rachel, that I told you NASA has just made a discovery of such scientific importance†¦ such earth-shattering significance†¦ that it validated every dollar Americans have ever spent in space?† Rachel could not imagine. The President stood up. â€Å"Let's take a walk, shall we?† 11 Rachel followed President Herney out onto the glistening gangway of Air Force One. As they descended the stairs, Rachel felt the bleak March air clearing her mind. Unfortunately, clarity only made the President's claims seem more outlandish than before. NASA made a discovery of such scientific importance that it validates every dollar Americans have ever spent in space? Rachel could only imagine that a discovery of that magnitude would only center on one thing – the holy grail of NASA – contact with extraterrestrial life. Unfortunately, Rachel knew enough about that particular holy grail to know it was utterly implausible. As an intelligence analyst, Rachel constantly fielded questions from friends who wanted to know about the alleged government cover-ups of alien contact. She was consistently appalled by the theories her â€Å"educated† friends bought into – crashed alien saucers hidden in secret government bunkers, extraterrestrial corpses kept on ice, even unsuspecting civilians being abducted and surgically probed. It was all absurd, of course. There were no aliens. No cover-ups. Everyone in the intelligence community understood that the vast majority of sightings and alien abductions were simply the product of active imaginations or moneymaking hoaxes. When authentic photographic UFO evidence did exist, it had a strange habit of occurring near U.S. military airbases that were testing advanced classified aircraft. When Lockheed began air-testing aradical new jet called the Stealth Bomber, UFO sightings around Edwards Air Force Base increased fifteen-fold. â€Å"You have a skeptical look on your face,† the President said, eyeing her askance. The sound of his voice startled Rachel. She glanced over, unsure how to respond. â€Å"Well†¦ † She hesitated. â€Å"May I assume, sir, that we are not talking about alien spacecrafts or little green men?† The President looked quietly amused. â€Å"Rachel, I think you'll find this discovery far more intriguing than science fiction.† Rachel was relieved to hear NASA had not been so desperate as to try selling the President on an alien story. Nonetheless, his comment served only to deepen the mystery. â€Å"Well,† she said, â€Å"whatever NASA found, I must say the timing is exceptionally convenient.† Herney paused on the gangway. â€Å"Convenient? How so?† How so? Rachel stopped and stared. â€Å"Mr. President, NASA is currently in a life or death battle to justify its very existence, and you are under attack for continuing to fund it. A major NASA breakthrough right now would be a panacea for both NASA and your campaign. Your critics will obviously find the timing highly suspect.† â€Å"So†¦ are you calling me a liar or a fool?† Rachel felt a knot rise in her throat. â€Å"I meant no disrespect, sir. I simply-â€Å" â€Å"Relax.† A faint grin grew on Herney's lips, and he started to descend again. â€Å"When the NASA administrator first told me about this discovery, I flat out rejected it as absurd. I accused him of masterminding the most transparent political sham in history.† Rachel felt the knot in her throat dissolve somewhat. At the bottom of the ramp, Herney stopped and looked at her. â€Å"One reason I've asked NASA to keep their discovery under wraps is to protect them. The magnitude of this find is well beyond anything NASA has ever announced. It will make landing men on the moon seem insignificant. Because everyone, myself included, has so much to gain – and lose – I thought it prudent for someone to double-check the NASA data before we step into the world spotlight with a formal announcement.† Rachel was startled. â€Å"Certainly you can't mean me, sir?† The President laughed. â€Å"No, this is not your area of expertise. Besides, I've already achieved verification through extragovernmental channels.† Rachel's relief gave way to a new mystification. â€Å"Extragovernmental, sir? You mean you used the private sector? On something this classified?† The President nodded with conviction. â€Å"I put together an external confirmation team – four civilian scientists-non-NASA personnel with big names and serious reputations to protect. They used their own equipment to make observations and come to their own conclusions. Over the past forty-eight hours, these civilian scientists have confirmed the NASA discovery beyond the shadow of a doubt.†

Employee Health Analysis

Report on Employee Health Analysis| November 16 2012 | A detailed analysis regarding the health related issues of Data entry operators where a possible structure of problems and solutions are given after analyzing the data of 50 clerical staffs. | Avijit Mitra MHRM 12HS60007| Table of Contents Introduction3 Background3 Method4 Objective5 Problem Analysis5 Recommendations7 Conclusion9 Introduction Staff welfare is an important facility provided by companies to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. Organizations frame many approaches to ensure health and safety of their employees.But not all of the approaches focus on contribution of both work design and employee welfare. Many organizational and individual issues emerge in management of employee health and safety. With successful implementation of Employee welfare facilities it can be ensured that employees are monitoring and addressing health issues with resultant benefits of reduced absenteeism, improved productivity and reduced injury rates. Background A manufacturing facility in Mumbai employs three data entry operators who work full time entering the records related to production, personnel, and inventory data into the computer.As required by the labour agreement, in addition to a one-hour break as part of the lunch period, these three operators receive two 15 minutes break daily; they may take them at any convenient time, once in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Otherwise, they generally work at their keyboards all day. One of the operators was absent from work for two weeks for a condition diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome, a neuromuscular disorder of the tendons and tissues in the wrists caused by repeated hand motions. His symptoms included a severe ache in the wrist and ever growing pain in the neck and shoulder.However, after a week, a second data entry operator experienced similar symptoms; his doctor diagnosed his ailment as ‘RSI or repetitive stress injury’ and referred to it informally as the VDT (Video Display Terminal) disease. With more data entry operators to be hired, Ramesh Chauhan asked his assistant, Sandeep Kaul, to gather additional information on this condition. He wants Sandeep to make any appropriate recommendations regarding the work environment — posture, furniture, work habits, rest breaks, and the like — that will alleviate this problem. MethodPreparation of Detailed Analysis Complete method took three stages to assess mental stress of the employees. Before the actual analysis, employees were informed about the course of the proceedings. On the basis of general information about the company including the corporate structure, descriptions of work tasks, work time regulations, and rules on internal communications a set of questionnaire was prepared. Stress Analysis: Observation and Structured Analysis Specific questions were asked to employees to understand their work tasks and working situation.In additio n employees were asked about cooperation with other departments, frequency of specific activities, or organizational arrangements in order to better describe the conditions of the job in detail. Evaluation and Recommendations After the stress analysis many problems are identified due to the mental demand of the job. A detailed policy recommendation is constructed to selectively reduce areas of psychological stress which was identified in the organization. Objective Determining the requirements of organizational stress analysis * Getting an objective assessment of the mental demands of jobs in the organization * Using the analysis to improve productivity reducing the psychological stress * Determining the readiness of employees to join stressful job like data entry Problem Analysis | Physical Work Settings The physical settings of work affect the performance of employees to a great extent. Some of these factors include temperature, noise levels, and proper lighting affect job perform ance.Other work setting factors include size of work area, kinds of materials used, distance between work areas, cubicle arrangementSick Building Syndrome It is a situation in which employees experience acute health problems and discomfort due to the time spent in a building (particularly their workplace). Some factors that lead to sick buildings include poor air quality, inadequate ventilation, improper cleanliness, rodents, stench of adhesives and gluesErgonomics The term comes from the Greek word ergon, which means â€Å"work,† and omics which means â€Å"management of. Ergonomics is the study of physiological, psychological, and engineering design aspects of a job, including such factors as fatigue, lighting, tools, equipment layout, and placement of controls. It is the interface between men and machines. Ergonomics is taken into consideration when designing the workstation for computer operators. Problems of back ache, eye strain and headache arise due to long working h ours spent in front of computers. Engineering of Work Equipments and Materials Health Related are caused by improper work equipments. Moreover design of such machines and equipments also plays an important role in employee stress.Old computer monitor without eye guard and keyboards without soft buttons are often the cause of multiple health issues. Cumulative Trauma and Repetitive Stress Cumulative trauma disorder occurs when same muscles are used repetitively to perform some task. This results in injuries of musculoskeletal and nervous system. Employees encounter high levels of mental and physical stress also. Lack of recreational activities Monotonous work schedule and lack of recreational activities can cause psychological disorder which effects the productivity of employees in workplace.Lack of motivation In spite of being an indirect cause for health issues this factor is increasingly becoming a common problem in modern workplace. Due to monotonous job and lack of reward employ ees are suffering from lack of motivation. This problem is resulting in increasing number of unscheduled leave mentioning the false reason of health related issues to the supervisor. This issue can be identified by using Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that people are lazy, dislike and shun work, lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led. These are the common symptoms of lack of motivation in workplace. Recommendations Employee Health Screening Employee Health Screening should be utilized to gain an overall health profile of the employee and the workforce in general frequently. This process data will help to figure out the continuous progress or deterioration of employee health and the management team can prepare effective solutions for each single employees. Health Promotion Seminars Mental Health Wellness seminars should be conducted to convey effective ways of reducing the likely presence of depression, anxiety or other mental h ealth related concerns of an employee or a job seeker.This health related awareness will provide guidelines how to avoid stress and monotonous activities Healthy working Environment We have to provide occupational health clinics, which give employees immediate access to specially trained medical personnel. Physicians and nurses who evaluate our employees should be specialists in occupational medicine. Mental Well-Being We have to be responsible for providing a safe, fair and clean work environment. We should also be accountable to the mental well-being of employees by helping them in personal struggles and providing a healthy work-life balanceRecreational activities Fun activities like games quiz can help the employees the get relief from monotonous activities. It is often said a healthy mind is the pillar of physically fit human beings. Fun activities can provide required breathing space to the employees to build up a healthy mind. Motivation Improvement Under Theory X, management approach should range from a â€Å"hard† to a â€Å"soft† approach. The hard approach should rely on coercion, implicit threats, close supervision, and tight controls; essentially an environment of command and control.The soft approach is to be permissive and seek harmony, with the hope that in return employees will cooperate when asked to do so. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. The hard approach often results in hostility, purposely low-productivity. The soft approach results in ever-increasing requests for more rewards in exchange for ever-decreasing productivity. Conclusion When we feel our best, we do your best. But when something is troubling or hurting us, it’s difficult to set those concerns aside and focus on work.We should provide support programs and services to help our employees live healthier and safer lives – at work, home and on the road. This is good for our people and good for our business. Our success is a result of the com mitment, dedication and aspiration of our employees and we should aim to provide an environment and culture that inspires and breeds success. With successful implementation of Employee welfare facilities we must ensure that all employees are under frequent health checkup. This will not only reduce absenteeism but also will provide sufficient improvement in productivity of each employee.

Organizational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behaviour - Essay Example Crawford (2006) explains that learning to let go is paramount to inspiring staff successfully as it illustrates that management trusts is employees. People respond positively to their superiors when they feel that they have been empowered; this means having sufficient autonomy to carry out their responsibilities. Delegation is a careful balancing act because it does not mean leaving everything to one’s employees; managers need to know when to step in order to give their followers support when carrying out their respective functions. Furthermore, entrusting them with these responsibilities and then removing it suddenly actually demotivates workers, as they require sufficient reasons for removal of the same. The author also believes that managers need to assist their employees in knowing where they fit in within the organisation as this causes them to realise that they are valuable. Having a sense of community in the firm comes about when the concerned employees already have a certain emotional commitment to the objectives of the company. This sense of loyalty pushes them into becoming more confident in themselves as they fell that they are positively contributing to something great in the firm. Employees also strive for recognition of their strengths, especially in terms of their talents as well as their capabilities; many of them feel can do so much to improve outcomes within the company if given a chance. Instating rigid protocols and policies concerning talent and job placements constraint workers who then feel frustrated by their company’s inability to exploit their potential. Some employees are highly capable and with the right management support can soar to great heights; this eventually translates into effective outcomes for the organisation. Workers also strive for work-life balance, so managers ought to go out of their way to promote this sort of atmosphere for their employees.

Examine the stock returns for both Pfizer and AstraZeneca during the Essay - 1

Examine the stock returns for both Pfizer and AstraZeneca during the bid process and provide possible reasons for changes in price on key dates - Essay Example t a company then price of the company’s stock is likely to rise while price is likely to fall is an expected acquisition is likely to be detrimental. Factors such as â€Å"investment strategies,† â€Å"ownership forms,† â€Å"capital structures,† and â€Å"dividend policies† that are likely to change with an acquisition are also likely to influence stock prices (Moyer, McGuigan, & Kretlow 2008, p. 12). In addition, expressed opinions by investors can either improve or reduce share price at a time (Khan & Zuberi 1999, p. 45) and all these could have influenced prices and return of the two companies’ stock. One of the key dates in the takeover period is November 25, 2013 when Pfizer informed AstraZeneca of intended takeover. Even though it was a private correspondence, it could have spread to stakeholders and a perceived lost value among Pfizer’s stakeholders could have triggered the observed negative change in stock price. Price for AstraZeneca however increased afterwards to indicate perceived benefits by the company’s stockholders. These suggest that Pfizer offered better economic prospects than AstraZeneca did at the time, and its internal environment could be more promising than that of AstraZeneca. On May 1, 2014, Pfizer made public its takeover interest and suffered a subsequent decline in price, which begun two days earlier, and perceived loss of advantage by existing stockholders as well as possible negative investor opinions could have caused the decline. At the same time, stock price for AstraZeneca declines and this could be a response to Pfizer’s price trends that made it less attractive. The fall in stock price for Pfizer continued until 7 May, a time at which the British Prime Minister expressed concerns over the takeover, and then stabilized until mid May. Price for AstraZeneca stock however remained constant over this period. Pfizer’s persistence on the takeover, against its shareholder’s confidence could explain the fall and the

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilities Assignment - 1

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilities - Assignment Example Despite the employees’ resistance to change, the significance of assessable and consistent medical records continues to be the main goal of most health care and correctional facilities. Therefore, with respect to this organization, employees should appreciate the necessity for implementation of the electronic medical records. Key strategies to successfully plan and implement electronic medical records In order to avoid major transitional challenges associated with the electronic medical system in correctional facilities, System innovators are expected to adopt creativity and consistent trials until they successfully overcome the challenges. A number of key strategies to be laid forward include; Selling the opportunity to the correctional facility leaders as a way of influencing them to adapt system change, physicians and other departmental heads should be approached with a considerate attempt and subdue them about the importance of the electronic change. This is considered eas ier to drive as compared to lower ranking practitioners who may not foresee significant concern on the electronic per-se. Adequate information should be provided to the leaders with proficient illustrations that the implementation of the new system will not in any way disrupt their current records (Perkins and Kelly 122). Staff involvement Involvement the staff members in the implementation plan is quite vital, and this is considered as one of the important factors in the implementation of the electronic medical system or any other system to be put in place. Clinical staff should be at the fore front to drive the process especially in areas where administrative and billing activity takes place. Whether it is a purchased or commercial system, customization has to be done within the correction center. Therefore, besides the implementation personnel, organization staff must be involved to help tailor the system to suite the required environment. Such kind of involvement would be deemed to have considered employees opinion in the system development and to avoid claims of organization imposing undesired system on them (Schultz, Ginsberg and Lucas 8). Staff involvement in the system plan can be used to champion other fellow physicians about the benefits of electronic medical records in their workday. A lot of emphasis is that, systems do not increase burden but instead reduces time spent in making phone call, locating test results and other information pertaining to patients’ safety at the corrective centers. Besides recruiting system technocrats, skeptics must be involved to work hand in hand with the designers until then electronic medical system meet the needs and the skeptical physicians get convinced and to enable them convert as stronger champions. Develop an in training For the success of an electronic medical system and thought all its’ implementation stages, a precise training should be executed to assists both training staff and physicians in stretching the knowledge dimensions (Rodin, Jennifer and Sharon 8). This consideration is based on the fact that quality training always provides adequate knowledge, enrich and engage all stakeholders leading to trainee bliss. Other than the training based on the supportive staff, additional training should b

Theodore Roosevelt's Main Contributions to American History Essay

Theodore Roosevelt's Main Contributions to American History - Essay Example This paper will discuss the main contributions of Theodore Roosevelt to American history. â€Å"Theodore brought modernism to the American government† (Woods 2010, 1). He was properly suited for this responsibility. Philosophically, Roosevelt was an expert who was determined to bring effectiveness and intelligence to fight against spoilers of the natural environment, as well as international disorder. Roosevelt was as historians put it, "the first great leader who changed America to the modern industrial age" (Woods 2010, 1). Roosevelt had little endurance with federalism and also with a majority of the constitutional barriers that stood between him and the establishment of a fresh American state. Politically, Theodore was a dedicated nationalist. He, therefore, could hardly bring himself to address Thomas Jefferson, whom he detested. Moreover, as late as the 1880s, Roosevelt was still criticizing Jefferson Davis as a traitor. Roosevelt was angered by The Confederate cause bec ause it denied a large united nation its own justification. â€Å"Roosevelt took to the presidential office a consistent and thorough philosophy of a government† (Woods 2010, 1). What a former leader might have done without fanfare or hesitatingly, Theodore Roosevelt formed a much better principle. ... They all echo the president's self-belief in proficient commissions and his stewardship assumption of the executive branch. As one historian put it, these acts, put together, "may well be regarded as the dawn of a modern regulatory nation, the great America" (Woods 2010, 1). Not all American leaders were confident at this view. One traditional Republican stated that Roosevelt was â€Å"unconsciously or consciously trying to focus all power in Washington, to eliminate state lines, as well as to govern the people by bureaus and commissions." Roosevelt was a natural publicist. â€Å"He offered an astonishing heritage to the American citizens of a variety of resources and lands in public ownership† (Bedford/St Martin's 2009, 16). He used the Presidency's "bully pulpit" successfully to stimulate public interest in conservation matters. Theodore’s key contribution to the conservation movement was "wielding his presidential status to craft an alliance of people from civic lea ders and naturalists who favored conservation to useful resource specialists, as well as users" (Woods 2010, 1). No success shows this better than the Governor's Conference of 1907. At this meeting, Roosevelt conveyed all the country’s governors and several other leaders together and, using his own eagerness for conservation, he ignited policies, discussions and proceedings that still echo today at many levels of the American government. â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt also assumed that he had a duty to spread American interests and ideas across the globe† (Roosevelt 2006, 1). As the leading world power, the U.S. had an apparent chance to remake the global system in a manner that would eradicate the old ruins of war, as well as corrupt alliances. Roosevelt

Keynesian macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keynesian macroeconomics - Essay Example However, large changes in available technology, especially regression is very difficult to support (Summers, 1986). Second, RBC theory assumes that fluctuations in employment reflect changes in the amount people want to work. Because employment fluctuates substantially while the determinants of labour supply - real wage and the real interest rate - vary only slightly, these models require that leisure be highly substitutable over time. This assumption conflicts with many studies (for example, Altonji, 1986); it also conflicts with the belief that high unemployment in recessions is largely involuntary. Third, real business cycle theory assumes that monetary policy is irrelevant for economic fluctuations, this challenges the Keynesian argument that any correlation of money with output arises because the money supply is endogenous (King and Plosser, 1984). Very little evidence supports this theory. A different approach to the business cycle is the sectoral shift theory, which emphasizes the costly adjustment of labour among sectors (Lilien 1982, Black 1987). According to this theory movement of labour from one sector to another occurs in response to market fluctuations and recessions are periods during which there are more sectoral shocks and thus a greater need for sectoral adjustment. If this were to be true we would observe high unemployment accompanied by high job vacancies during a recession - this is not correct (Abraham & Katz, 1986). In fact the measured movement of workers is opposite i.e. very low during recession (Murphy & Topel, 1987). Advocates of the sectoral shift theory argue that it is possible that since the process of sectoral adjustment requires a period of high unemployment and low income, it lowers the demand for the products of all sectors. Thus, we might observe low vacancies and low movement during recessions, even if recessions are initially caused by the need to reallocate labour among sectors. In this form, it is not clear how to distinguish empirically the sectoral shift theory from real business cycle theories that emphasize economy-wide fluctuations in technology or Keynesian theories that emphasize fluctuations in aggregate demand. The debate over the RBC theory boils down to four issues: 1. Do changes in employment reflect voluntary changes in labour supply 2. Does the economy experience large exogenous productivity shocks in the short run 3. Is money really neutral in the short run 4. Are wages and prices flexible in the short run Do they adjust quickly to keep supply and demand in balance in all markets Satisfactory answers have not been found to these questions within the framework of the RBC theory. New Keynesian Macroeconomics The single theme that identifies Keynesian economics is the belief that economic fluctuations do not reflect the optimal response of the economy to changes in tastes and technology, but some sort of market failure on a large scale. The market imperfection that recurs most frequently in Keynesian theories is the failure of wages and prices to adjust instantly to equilibrate supply and demand. The short-run

Federal Subsidized Housing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Federal Subsidized Housing - Essay Example The CHA is governed by commissioners who are appointed by the mayor. The first Executive Director of the CHA was Elizabeth Wood. Who served for 17 years. During the Wood years the CHA became immersed in perpetuating an obvious pattern of institutional racism: The federal Housing Act of 1937 in conjunction with the Chicago Public Works Administration were successful in completing four low-rise (two to four story building prior to World War II. Three of these projects were opened in 1938: Jane Adams House, on the near west side, comprising of 32 buildings which housed 1,027 families; Julia C, Lanthrop Homes on the north side housed 925 families and Trumbull Park Homes on the far south side for 426 families. These three complexes were built primarily for whites (although 2.5 per cent or 60 units were set aside for African Americans). In 1940 The CHA embarked on a pattern which would later be challenged as a social, moral and legal travesty. In 1941 the CHA completed construction of its first public housing project exclusive for African Americans and situated it in the heart of an African American (Ghetto) neighborhood. The Ida B. Wells House was considerably larger than the CHA’s previous projects, and it accommodated 1,662 families.... a myth which permeated every (white) neighborhood in Chicago. Not only did the CHA promote its promulgation on the local level, the federal government under the"Neighborhood Composition Rule", gave tacit approval for the furtherance of institutional racism, when it stipulated: that the tenants of a housing development be of the same race as the people in the area in which it was situated. (Hilliard1966) Many northerners took a special type of "white" pride in decrying the antics and overt racism of their southern brothers, while declaring that they (northern whites) were all liberals, who believed in the absolute provisions of the Declaration of Independence, The Bill of Rights and the Constitution, which provides human and civil rights for all men, regardless of their race or skin color. In his pre World War II study of the race situation in America, Gunnar Myrdal presented his findings on the heightened hypocrisy which existed in the souls and minds of most white Americans in general and in this instance of Chicagoans in particular; Another form of discrimination in the North against Negroes is in the market forHouses and apartments; whites try to keep Negroes out of white neighborhoods by Restrictive covenants. The legality of these covenants is open to dispute, but in soFar as the local courts uphold them, the discrimination is in the legal principle, not In the individual cases brought to court. (Myrdal 527)This study by Myrdal is required reading (at least passages and

Mothers Against Drunk Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mothers Against Drunk Driving - Essay Example She then went on to found MADD in May 1980. Now MADD has over 600 chapters and 2 million members and supporters (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#History). This interest group, which according to the website is made up of "dads and daughters, sons and uncles, friends and neighbors, and mothers"( http://www.madd.org/) has worked very hard over the years to help reduce the number of fatalities involving people who drink and drive. Starting just two years later in 1982, MADD helped pushed for a resolution for the first national Drunk and Drugged Driving Awareness Week to become law. By the end of this second year, MADD has already expanded into over 100 chapters. By the end of their third year, the government reported that 129 new anti-drunk driving laws had been passed (http://www.madd.org/aboutus/1179). The success story for MADD only continues as The Federal Minimum Drinking Age Law was signed by Ronald Regan on July 17,1984. By the end of 1984, MADD had expanded into Canada, and now had more than 330 chapters in 47 states. Just a few years later, in 1988, MADD helped push for another law, the Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which extended the same right of other crime victims to the victims of DWI. Also, by the end of 1988, all 50 states had signed the federal bill, making the minimum drinking age throughout the county 21. All of MADD's grass roots style of work has only continued to expand through out the years. Because of the hard work of the organization, the numbers of drinking while driving deaths has decreased from the 1980s. Following statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), alcohol related deaths per year have declined from 26,173 in 1982 to 16,885 in 2005(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_Against_Drunk_Driving#History). This is a significant decrease in the number of deaths caused by drunk driving, and the numbers alone help show how much work MADD has done, and how greatly it had effected out society. By the hard work, telecommunications, and fighting for their loved ones, the people of MADD have been able to become, what they call a "non-profit grass roots organization with more than 400 entities nationwide" (http://www.madd.org/aboutus/1094). Recently, MADD has announced a new, national, campaign to end drunk driving. With a combination of new, stronger laws, and advanced technology, MADD hopes it can continue its battle against drunk driving into the future, and keep drunk drivers off the road. The new MADD campaign may seem extreme to some, but it has decided that it wants to "completely" get rid of drunk driving ( http://www.madd.org/campaign). Even thought MADD has seen its share of victories, there is some contempt for the group. The founder of MADD, Candy Lightner, left the organization in 1985 and has since then gone on to criticize what the group has become. She has called the group "new-prohibitionists", and that is worries to much about the problems of alcohol, and is not focused on specifically drunk driving, as was her original intent (Bresnahan). Writer Radley Balko says that, "In fairness, MADD deserves credit for raising awareness of the dangers of driving while intoxicated. It was almost certainly MADD's dogged efforts to spark public debate that affected the drop in fatalities since 1980, when Candy Lightner founded the group

Difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict Essay Example for Free

Difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict Essay Functional Conflict Susie Steel is a vice president in a real estate development firm called Hearts Development. She has spent enormous amounts of energy cultivating a relationship with a local town regarding an available plot of land. Susie would like to purchase the land to build townhomes for sale. She has developed an excellent relationship with the town politicians and community members. An issue has developed over the planned usage of the land, though. The town will sell the land to Susies company but feels that townhomes would be bad for the overall community. Theyre concerned with the additional cost and burden of kids that the townhomes would bring into the community. Susie understands the communitys concern and wants a win-win situation to occur. She feels that this issue will be a functional conflict due to the fact that the disagreement will bring a positive end result to both parties. Positive results of functional conflict include: Awareness of both sides of issues Improvement of working conditions due to accomplishing solutions together Solving issues together to improve overall morale Making innovations and improvements within an organization In Susies case, constructive criticism and discussion resulted in a compromise and a solution between the parties. Susie understood the towns concern but needed to find something to build that would bring revenue for the company. Through their joint meetings, the end solution was for Hearts Development to build a retirement community, which would only have citizens 55 and over living in the town. This would eliminate the issue of having more young people come into town and burden the school system.

The Renaissance And The Reformation

The Renaissance And The Reformation Upon initial inspection, the Renaissance and the Reformation appear to be two entirely separate periods of change that occurred in Western Europe with equally dissimilar causes and purposes. The Renaissance, literally a time of rebirth, marked the decisive break from the Middle Ages and the rediscovery for the appreciation of the arts, literature, and the further development of politics and economy. On the other hand, the Reformation focused mainly on the split of ideals dealing with the church and the methods with which reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others who preached against simony, the selling of indulgences, and essentially dealing with the corrupt ways of the Church. While the two may not bear many outwardly apparent similarities, the Reformation, in fact, depended heavily upon the human developments during the Renaissance. The single most important document linking the Renaissance and the Reformation is the 95 Theses, written by Martin Luther who posted it on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. This piece of writing which mostly addresses the improper abuse of clerical powers and the immoral conduct of selling indulgences, which was initially triggered by mercantilism and the rising importance of money in a growing economical society, was only able to be circulated throughout Germany with the help of the printing press. Although the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, was not a direct product of the Renaissance, it was the revolutionizing piece of technology which allowed the circulation of numerous printed copies of the Bible throughout Western Europe, served as a crucial tool in developing a well-informed, literate population during the Renaissance in Europe, and, of course, printed over 300,000 copies of Luthers 95 Theses, the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation. With the aid of the printing press, the people of Western Europe became further educated by having a greater opportunity to come into contact with a Bible. Prior to reading the Bible for themselves, people were only able rely on the words of the papacy, the clergy, and other members of the church, who were, unbeknownst to the common man, in fact corrupt. Through obtaining personal knowledge from reading the Bible (even those who could not read Latin now have access to the Bible translated into vernacular, English, or German), people now felt they had the control to formulate their own decisions and grasped the idea that they will not be controlled by a corrupt church. With this state of mind, secularization, the separation from religious influences, and individualism, the recognition of the self as having moral value, flourished throughout the Renaissance in Europe. While reading the Bible significantly guided the people of Western Europe in Luthers general direction of thought even prior to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, another group of people known as the Humanists, who provided their time to truly understand the Classics the works of Socrates, Plato, and other ancient Greek philosophers began eradicating the idea of scholasticism, which was, in essence, believing everything as they are told. People began to read, comprehend, and make decisions for themselves without relying strictly on the church. Books such as Castigliones The Book of the Courtier, which taught men to be the perfect gentlemen, and women to be the perfect gentlewomen, and Erasmus In Praise of Folly, which satirizes and mocks the Church of its erroneous ways (Palmer, 72), were published and read. The final result was a greater movement of secularization and individualism which led to a continual separation of the people from the church. In addition to an increasingly self-determining population, one event which becomes the catalyst to ignite a sense of distrust amongst the common people of Europe towards the church was The Great Schism. The crisis of assigning multiple papacies was not only an indication of the manipulating of the power given to the popes in order to satisfy the Churches self-indulgence, but also caused the devout to question which of the papacies truly holds the keys of Peter, or simply if any church at all would lead them to salvation (Palmer, 53). This dissatisfaction with the church spread through all ranks of society, from the kings to the common people. From these uncertainty sprouted the teachings of John Wyclif and John Huss, who both supported the ideology of salvation by reading the Bible, and not from the teachings of an organized church (Palmer, 54). This led to the eventual denunciation of the Pope, or in this case, Popes, as a religious leader. With scholars and people in general granted the ability to finally read and scrutinize the Bible for themselves, important theologians such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, only to name a few, emerged, attempting to correct the erroneous ways of the corrupt church. Luther, who preached not for the sake of creating a new religion but to simply correct the misdoings of the church, translated the Bible into many accessible languages and gathered many followers who agreed wholeheartedly with his ultimate principle of salvation by faith alone, and that only the Bible contains the true words of God. One final aspect of the Renaissance that affected the course of action of people throughout the Reformation was the development and enforcement of politics. While the ideas of Luther, Calvin, and other theologians caused new churches to rise in towns, they were not able to replace the previously existing church prior to some government intervention. The new church did not have immediate power to dissolve the old church and was obligated to wait on governments decision before implementing and taking action. Although inconvenient for those eagerly awaiting the further spread of the Protestant Church, the higher power given to the government and the advance of politics developed through the Renaissance provided a greater source of order for the people during the Reformation. The Renaissance and the Reformation, although largely unlike, greatly complemented each other in various aspects. From the most important advancement of educating the populace in order to instill in them the understanding of individualism and separation from scholasticism, to the initial dissatisfaction towards the church caused by confusions of The Great Schism, to the works of Castiglione and Erasmus, the Renaissance shaped the minds of those previously unaware of the immorality of the Church into the minds of those prepared for a change through the Reformation.

Evaluation of Writing :: Education Educational Writer Writing Essays

Evaluation of Writing Works Cited Missing "We need to recognize that composition is probably going to remain the stepchild of rather unwilling English departments, that research in teaching and learning to write will continue to scrape by on the edges of several disciplines, and that few of those who will teach writing in American schools and universities will get much training or background as part of their regular education." -E. White (Teaching and Assessing Writing) In retrospect, I fail to remember consistent writing practices or writing assignments in English class (or otherwise) as a student in middle or secondary school. Luckily my love for and skill at creative and critical writing was encouraged by my parents and has remained at the heart of what I have chosen to pursue as a career. However, students whose writing is not only discouraged but is not treated fairly and properly in terms of evaluation have few options: to begin to regard writing as frivolous and unimportant; to remain underdeveloped in the areas of mechanics let alone harnessing of creativity and stylistic technique. Evaluation, as does actual instruction of writing, remains underdeveloped as well. Tension lingers between teachers who either are intimidated by evaluation processes or reject too rigidly structured models and the necessary aspect of not only teaching students how to write but teaching writing as a process which, in the end, requires assessment. Ultimately what has been absent in the past and is lacking still is agreed upon (by teachers, administrators, and test practitioners) theory and practice of sound writing programs and evaluation measures. Two major components, whose relationships fuel the tension that inhibits a consensus, are the contrasts between holistic and analytic approaches to evaluation and hence writing as process or a mix of isolated skills. It is with interest that I research what has historically been found to work and not work with regards to practical and purposeful evaluation procedures that, in and of themselves, should reflect thoroughness but also serve as an integral component of good writing. The Whole Picture versus Isolated Elements Surely on opposite ends of the English education spectrum are the camps who advocate subjectivity and overall quality of writing and those who approach writing with analytic reductionism. Holistic proponents value writing in terms of its ultimate expression while reductionists believe that the whole is merely a sum of its parts (White, 18). Holistic assessment contradicts the notions of not only evaluating writing as a series of independent skills but also multiple choice testing as a means of determining writing ability (testing which requires the labeling of sentence components).

Vertical Analysis of PepsiCo and Coca Cola Essay example -- Business A

All companies use financial documents to record and journalize their business transactions. These financial documents are not only used internally by company executives, but the financial documents are also used by outside sources to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a company. The purpose of this paper is to provide financial analysis of PepsiCo and Coca Cola, provide examples that explain which company is more financially sound, and to provide recommendations on how to improve each company financially. The first item that I will discuss is a vertical analysis of both companies. Vertical analysis is used to evaluate data and express the items of a financial statement as a percentage of a base amount listed. For the vertical analysis of PepsiCo and Coca Cola I looked at both the balance sheet and the income statements. The valuations that I took into consideration for this vertical analysis were the cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, net income as a percentage of net sales, current assets compared to total assets and the percentage change year to year, and the current liabilities compared to total liabilities and the percentage change from year to year. The cost of goods sold percentage shows how much is actually costs to produce and sell the items that a make company money. The net income as a percentage of sales shows how much money from the sale of an item is actually considered income that the company makes. The current assets compared to total assets shows how much of the assets a company has are actually available at a given time. Th e current liabilities compared to total liabilities shows how much of a company’s liability lays in a current status for the year. PepsiCo 2004 2005 Percentage C... ...it would add capital to the reserves and they would in turn be able to expand. With Coca Cola I would recommend increasing their assets. One way to increase their assets would be to decrease their payout ratio, in my opinion these two items go hand in hand. With an increase in assets the company would be able to expand and ultimately increase their profits as well. In conclusion, all companies use financial documents to record and journalize their business transactions. These financial documents are not only used internally by company executives, but the financial documents are also used by outside sources to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a company. The ability to read and understand financial statements and to perform a financial analysis is a great skill for all business professional, whether they are investors, creditors, or company executives.

The Rain Forest Essay -- Ecology Environment Research Papers

The Rain Forest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The destruction of the rainforest is a problem that the people of the world can not continue to ignore. 14 percent of the Earth's land used to be covered by rainforests yet this number has dropped significantly to only about 6 percent (http://www.ran.org/ran/info_center/index.html). Rainforests provide the people of the world with many necessities, some of which would no longer be available if rainforests did not exist. In the last 50 years, rainforests have declined at a terrifying speed of 150 acres per minute or 75 million acres per year (http://www.ran.org/ran/info_center/index.html). People must open their eyes to the horrible tragedy that will inevitably occur if the citizens of the world do not realize the seriousness of this problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To better understand the importance of the rainforest, one must be knowledgeable about what a rainforest actually is. The two main types of rainforests are temperate and tropical. Tropical rainforests are located in Latin and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and other areas in which temperatures stay above 80 degrees Fahrenheit year round. They can be found in 85 countries all over the world, however, 90 percent of them are concentrated into fifteen countries, each containing over ten million hectares. Tropical rainforests receive 160 to 400 inches of rain each year. Although these dense, damp forests cover just 5 percent of the Earth's surface, they can provide homes for between 50 and 90 percent of the Earth's plants and animals (http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review1.shtml).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tropical rainforests consist of three distinct layers referred to as the forest floor, the understory, and the canopy. The forest floor contains very poor soil which is mainly due to the trees not allowing for ample sunlight to reach the ground. Because only one to two percent of the light at the top of the forest's canopy manages to reach the floor below, photosynthesis ceases to exist. On top of the soil lies a thin layer of the remains of millions of dead trees, plants, and animals which are quickly broken down by the numerous number of organisms on the floor (Nichol 45). It contains a variety of insects as well as larger mammals such as gorillas and jaguars. The understory is home to smaller mammals such as anteaters, lemurs, and tree kangaroos. It also contains ... ...rcent of the Earth's land used to be covered by rainforests yet this number has dropped significantly to only about 6 percent (http://www.ran.org/ran/info_center/index.html). Rainforests provide the people of the world with many necessities, some of which would no longer be available if rainforests did not exist. In the last 50 years, rainforests have declined at a terrifying speed of 150 acres per minute or 75 million acres per year (http://www.ran.org/ran/info_center/index.html). People must open their eyes to the horrible tragedy that will inevitably occur if the citizens of the world do not realize the seriousness of this problem. Sources Cited http://www.ran.org/ran/info_center/index.html http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review1.shtml http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review2.shtml http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review3.shtml http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review4.shtml http://www.davesite.com/rainforests/review5.shtml http://www.stevensonpress.com/intro.html http://www.ran.org/ran http://www.mtc.com.my/lib/formal/fact4/overview.htm Nichol, John. The Mighty Rainforest. The Netherlands: David and Charles Printing, 1990.

H&R Sewing Machine Company Essay

1. What elements of â€Å"Kotter (2000)† can be applied to the case study? The following elements of Kotter (2000) can be applied to the case study: Establish a sense of urgency Traditionally manufacturers of sewing machines were located in Germany, Japan and United States; now they have expanded to low cost region of the world which includes China, Korea and Taiwan. The main competitors in Canada were two Japanese manufacturers; Brother International Corporation and Juki Sewing Machine Company, Juki was the market leader but appreciating yen and technological advancements gave an edge to other foreign competitors. Creating the Vision Strategies must be developed to lead the organization throughout the change as whenever a change takes place individuals in the organization goes through emotional rollercoaster and the organization has to bear growing pains which includes drop in productivity levels, absences, lack of morale and motivation and resignations. A clear cut vision must guide the managers how to lead organization and its employees through the time of pain and emotional rollercoaster. Communicating the Vision Once vision is created, managers must make sure that the vision is properly communicated to all employees; it must be ensured that all employees understand the vision clearly; there is no chaos, no confusion, and no need of further explanations. In this particular case it should be ensured that the vision is communicated to all markets and distributors (stakeholders) throughout the globe. Empowerment of others to act on the vision Changing systems and structures that seriously undermine the vision. Recognizing and rewarding the employees that are involved in the improvements. Encourage risk taking and nontraditional ideas, activities and actions. Knock down the barriers resisting transformation. Whenever change takes place in an organization the greatest problem is of â€Å"ME Issues† it makes employees become self-centered and there is minimal team work, Me Issues must be resolved for a focused team effort. Managers must identify where they themselves are, their organization is and their employees are on the emotional roller coaster in order to empower others to act on the vision. Planning and creating for short-term wins Planning should be done for visible performances of employees even if they achieve some targets their efforts must be recognized on organizational level for example they are awarded with employee of the month award and so on or their efforts are recognized in the organizational pamphlets. Consolidating improvements and producing still more change Small improvements must be consolidated together and change whenever brought about must be brought slowly and gradually in the organization so that all employees are used to the change and do not panic if change comes too soon in front of them. They should be communicated properly about the change and must be guided throughout the change process. Institutionalizing new approaches Changes brought about in the organization and the benefits reaped from those changes must be communicated to employees to build their confidence that the change was for the success of the organization. 1. What issues are important for me if I was the change agent of the company regarding the â€Å"kaleidoscope model†? Design Choices: Andrew had laid 3 design choices for the company which is: Consolidate the business Sell or eliminate all marginal business so emphasis can be paid on core business which is selling and servicing new and used Juki sewing machines and their parts. Focused will be paid on 100 most profitable customers, rest will be handled by dealers. Low cost and high service parts programs will be implemented. Practices will be adopted which improves efficiency of operations. Furthermore, costs of goods sold will be lowered. Direct accountability of customers will be made by assigning H&R sales representative to a customer. Sell consumables rather than machines Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) involves supplying the products needed to keep manufacturing facilities up and running; the items which are bought infrequently raise the cost of doing business. Thus, H&R will offer MRO products to manufacturers that want to lower these costs. Niche market will be targeted in either garment or non-garment that has a sustainable market, good management, requires continued cost reduction and requires high quality service for parts and supplies. Profitability of operations will be derived from negotiations on discounts, sourcing less expensive parts to OEM facilities at the same time not compromising on quality. Ensuring margin between revenue and cost is not consumed by cost of operations. H&R will copy practices of companies that provide MRO products to customers in the other industries. Move H&R from sewing machines to other related industries H&R can become a leasing company. There are many customers including the company that wants to lease the equipment, the manufacturer/distributor that wants to sell the equipment, leasing brokers, and the lenders that provide H&R’s financing. In order to go into this leasing business H&R needs to attracts brokers which act as an agent for a leasing company. Leasing companies can buy cheap equipments, can sell returned equipment in auctions, can charge lessees for the terms of contract, additional costs or revenue and so on. H&R needs to find lenders willing to participate so that they have the money needed to finance an inventory of equipment. Build a broad portfolio of leases secured by the assets of lessees so that risk is reduced. Have the technical knowledge needed to audit returned equipment and to then restore or sell it. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can I apply the â€Å"kaleidoscope model† in relation to the three different options of change in the case study? Explain in detail each one of the contextual features of the â€Å"kaleidoscope model†. Time Model 1: Can be done in a short time span as no expansions need to done or no new line of business needs to opened up. Model 2: It requires time more than the first option as analysis of MRO in other industries needs to need and furthermore, indirectly the target market is being redefined in this scenario. Model 3: It requires time to set up the business, to gather all equipments which are eligible for sales, finding trustworthy brokers, organizing auctions and attracting public. Scope Model 1: Low degree of change is required as core business activity will remain the same. Model 2: High degree of change is required as the core function is being changed from selling sewing machines to consumables. Model 3: High degree of change is required as the industry is being changed. Preservation Model 1: Most of the organization’s characteristics and resources needs to be maintained including inventories as core business will remain the same. Competition with dealers will continue on large retail sales. Model 2: Manufacturing facilities needs to be kept up and in running condition. No compromise on quality will be made and margins will be kept up between revenue and the costs. Model 3: Equipments to be maintained properly over the leasing period so they could be auctioned. Repairs, maintenance and insurance can be provided along with leasing services. Diversity Model 1: High diversity as the business is wide spread throughout the globe. Model 2: Low diversity as supply will be handled by MRO independently. Model 3: Medium as customers are mixed including customers, manufacturers, distributors, brokers and so on. Capability Model 1: High capability as each customer will be assigned to an individual H&R sales representative. Model 2: Low capability as operating practices of MRO will be copied. Model 3: They have technical knowledge but require finance. Capacity Model 1: No or minimal change in resources are required. Model 2: Resources require change from sewing machine to consumable products. Model 3: Equipments can be leased rest all resources needs to changed. Readiness Model 1: They are ready. Model 2: Training and a lot of learning is required. Model 3: Needs to protect its work force. Power Model 1: Direct accountability will be created. Model 2: Tough management and execution phases. Model 3: Impose rigorous control systems and processes. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the most appropriate type of change for Andrew Rosenfeldt to use regarding the case study? Adaptation Model 1: Since core business activity in this scenario will remain same thus no big changes are required and there is no need of adaptation. Model 2: Employees need to be trained properly so they can adapt to new processes. They need to identify suppliers of MRO, evaluate them, negotiate prices, produce price and avail files, order products, maintain inventories, bill customers, and pay suppliers. Model 3: Scope of business will be changed from selling sewing machines and its parts to leasing business. Employees need to be adapted to the new business format soon. Re-Construction Model 1: No specify re-construction is required just some change in activities at small scale will take place like every customer will be assigned to H&R sales representatives and will be held accountable separately. Model 2: Employees have to adapt to new ways of working by copying the MRO practices; there is no particular choice left. Model 3: Employees have to adopt the practices of a leasing firm and not merely a selling firm. Evolution Model 1: The change is properly planned as they have already decided that each customer will be assigned to separate sales representatives in order to entertain direct accountability. Model 2: Here the change is somewhat planned as they know they will copy the practices of MRO products to customers in different industries but they haven’t identified exactly what products, which industries and to what extent will the MRO products be copied. Model 3: The change is not well planned, they just know what they have to do like open a leasing company and those they require brokers but the objectives are not properly identified like where the leasing business will be carried on, who will be the brokers and so on. Revolution: Model 1: Direct accountability will be introduced Model 2: Scope of business will change from selling sewing machines to some consumable business. Model 3: Industry will change to a leasing company.

Essay Composition

Writing an essay requires an orderly and careful process, however, the pre-writing process is as important as the writing process. This paper will outline the process that has been used in writing the essay on raising the minimum legal driving age. In the pre-writing process, I had a list of topics that I had interest in and narrowed down my choices of topics. (The chosen flow of topics has been highlighted).Once the topic on minimum driving age was taken, a preliminary topic sentence was created. The topic sentence is: The regulation of the minimum driving age should be changed. Following this topic, the following questions have been formulated:?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the issues on the current minimum driving age  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the relationships between the minimum driving age and motor-vehicular accidents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Would changing the minimum driving age increase road safety?I took statistics, books and periodicals to increase knowledge on the topic an d be able to answer the questions that have been presented above. I took into consideration certain criteria that would help me choose the best sources possible. The criteria that were used were the following:?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reliability of the author- Knowledge on the topic (educational background, etc.)?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recency of the source (date of publication)For example:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Those common factors emerged when USA TODAY examined all the deadly crashes involving 16-to-19-year-old drivers in 2003. About 3,500 teenagers died in teen-driven vehicles in the USA that year — a death toll that tops that of any disease or injury for teens. The South proved to be the deadliest region.[1]† After reading and rereading my sources, the specific topic that came was about raising the minimum driving age. This topic was chosen since this is an outstanding issue in the state of Massachusetts. Using the sources that I have gathered, I took down the pros and cons of raising the minimum driving age. I wrote the arguments and counter arguments in tabular form so as to look at which arguments were strong.Pros –  Lessen driving accidents,  Teenager's brain can fully developCons   Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Might increase illegal drivers My decision on a stand was based on these arguments as well as the reliability of the given sources. The final thesis statement now stands: The minimum legal driving age should be raised. After which an outline was created in order to serve as a guide for writing the paper. From the sources taken in the previous part of the research process as well as personal experiences, my position was determined: The legal age for driving should be raised from its current age to a higher age level. The reason for choosing such was based on facts and statistics. The facts were based on medical research, as well as experiences in the field of psychology.BibliographyCrossman, D;R. Sixteen is too young to drive : taking control when your teen's behind-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the-wheel. Scotia, NY : Footnote Pub. 2002.Landsberger, J. Writing Position Papers. The Study Guides and Strategies (02 June, 2006). 20 February 2007. O' Donnell,J. â€Å"Deadly teen auto crashes show a patt ern.† USA TODAY, (1 March 2005).McAleese, D. â€Å"Rethink of legal driving age urged by church moderator. â€Å"Financial Times Ltd.† (09 October, 2006). 20 Feb., 2006. ;http://solutions.cengage.com/gale/apps/,M. Teenage Roadhogs. New York : Alpha Reference. 1997.Schnell, D. Characteristics of Adolescence. Minneapolis: Minn.,Burgess Pub.Co.1946.

The Tudors

THE TUDORS: The birth of the nation state. The new monarchy Henry VII is less known than Henry VIII or Elizabeth I but he was more important in establishing the new monarchy. Henry VII firmly believed that war and glory were bad business, and that business was good for the state. Henry had more power and more money than earlier kings. His aim was to make the crown financially independent. When he died in 1509 he left a huge amount of money. The only thing on which he was happy to spend money was the building of ships. Henry VIII was quite unlike his father. He was cruel, wasteful with money, and interested in pleasing himself. The reformationHenry VIII was always looking for new sources of money. He disliked the power of Church in England because, since it was an international organization, he could not completely control it. In 1531 Henry persuaded the bishops to make him head of the Church in England, and this became law after Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534. The bre ak with Rome was purely political. He wanted to control the Church and keep its wealth in his own. He used the Parliament to make the break legal. Through several Acts of Parliament between 1532 and 1536, England became politically a Protestant country, even though the popular religion was Catholic.After the acceptance of the Reformation Henry closed monasteries and other religious houses. Monks and nuns were thrown out. The dissolution of the monasteries was probably the greatest act of official destruction in the history of Britain. Elizabeth I Elizabeth I became queen when Mary died in 1558. She wanted to find peaceful answers to the problems of English Reformation. She wanted to bring together again parts of English society which were in religious disagreement. And she wanted to make England prosperous. She considered trade the most important foreign policy matter, and also encouraged merchant expansion.She recognized Spain as her main trade, rival and enemy. Mary, the â€Å"Qu een of Scots†, was the heir to the English throne, she was a strong Catholic. When she returned to Scotland, soon made enemies, because she got tired of her husband and she agreed to murder him and married the murdered so she was unpopular among people and finally she escaped to England. Elizabeth kept Mary as a prisoner for almost 20 years. In 1587 she finally agreed to Mary’s execution. England and her neighbours During the Tudor period, from 1485 until 1603, English foreign policy changed several times. Mary queen of Scot and the Scottish reformationMary was troubled by bad luck and wrong decisions. She was Catholic, she returned to Scotland as both queen and widow. During her time in France, Scotland had become officially and popularly Protestant. The Scots were careful not to give the monarch authority over the new Protestant Scottish â€Å"kirk†, as the church in Scotland was called. This was possible because the new Reformation took place while the queen, Mary, was not in Scotland. The Kirk taught the importance of personal belief and the study of the Bible, this led to the idea that education was important for everyone in Scotland.Protestantism had spread quickly through the Scottish universities. The new Kirk disliked Mary and her French Catholicism. Then Mary was married again, to Lord Darnley, later she got tired of him, consequently she agreed to murder her husband and married the murderer, Bothwel. Scottish society was shocked. In addition to her Catholicism and her French culture, she had shown very poor judgment. She destroyed her chance of inheriting the English throne. She found herself at war with her opponents, and was captured and imprisoned. She escaped to England, where she was held by Elizabeth and after nineteen years she was executed.Refer to society during Tudor times. †¢ Tudor parliaments. The Tudor monarchs did not like governing through Parliament. Henry VII had used Parliament only for law making. Until th e end of the Tudor period Parliament was supposed to do three things: agree to the taxes needed; make the laws which the Crown suggested; and advise the crown, only when asked to do so. †¢ Rich and poor in town and country. During this period the population increased, England had social and economic problems than ever before. The price of food and other goods rose. But a greater problem was the increase in population.Living conditions got worse. Many landowners made money from sheep farming; they could sell the wool to the cloth industry. Many people became unemployed. In 1601 Parliament passed the First Poor Law. This made local people responsible for the poor in their own area. The lives of the rich and poor were different. The rich ate good quality bread while the poor ate rough bread. The rich showed off their wealth in silk clothing, while the poor wore simple clothes of leather or wool. †¢ Domestic life. Women in England had a greater freedom than anywhere else in Eu rope.However, there was a dark side of married life. Most women bore between eight and fifteen children. Marriage was often an economic arrangement, there weren’t deep emotional ties. Both rich and poor lived in small family groups. People worked hard and died young. Poor children started work at the age of six or seven. Unmarried women suffered badly during this period, after the dissolution of the monasteries they became beggars on the roads of England. They had little choice in life. †¢ Language and culture. At the beginning of the Tudor period English was spoken in different ways.Since the mid-fourteenth century, London English had become accepted as Standard English. Educated people began to speak â€Å"correct† English, and uneducated people continued to speak the local dialect. Literacy increased greatly during the mid-sixteenth century. England felt the effects of the Renaissance, it also influence religion, encouraging the Protestant Reformation. In music England enjoyed its most fruitful period ever. Literature was England’s greatest art form; William Shakespeare filled the theatres with their exciting new plays.

Epic Hero Comparison(Beowulf and The hobbit) Essay

An epic hero is a larger than life character who has legendary skill and prowess. An epic hero has to perform heroic deeds. An epic hero is thought of having traditional charm and charisma. He has very strong ethics morals and a code of conduct. The epic hero is always thought of as a male as the tradition of the epic hero originated in the Anglo Saxon culture which was a male dominant society. A perfect example of an epic hero is Beowulf. He kills Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon all of which are heroic deeds that no one else was able or willing to take on. The foes that Beowulf fought were all beyond human strength and capabilities and required superhuman abilities to bring down. In Bilbo’s case he takes down the spider by himself and tries to face up to challenges that he would normally never have done in his comfortable hobbit home. This shows a hero putting the need of the many against the need of the few. The heroic tradition in literature has definitely moved from epic heroes, the creation of larger-than-life characters that had legendary strength and physical characteristics, to the move towards anti-heroes, which particularly developed in the 20th and 21st centuries, with the focus on leading protagonists who lack certain heroic qualities such as idealism courage and generosity. In both stories, the concept of vengeance is the first to appear. In Beowulf, vengeance is what drives the entire plot of the poem, as one action is carried out in response to a former action – to seek vengeance for a prior wrong. It is Beowulf, introduced as a strong, powerful character from the start, whose own heroic code compels him to seek vengeance against Grendel for deeds the monster committed against Hrothgar. Beowulf himself is an epic hero who even before arriving at Herot has already built for himself a tremendous reputation that goes before him and is based on acts that no mere mortal could accomplish or achieve. He arrives at Herot as a fully formed character. When considering Beowulf as a character, it is clear that his exploits and fame confirm his as a character whose strength is certainly out of this world, and more powerful than any other character alive today. This shows he is definitely a hero in the epic hero tradition. Bilbo by contrast starts the novel as a quiet, peaceful and unadventurous hobbit that sometimes goes through periods where he wonders what on earth he is doing on this adventure with dwarves and a wizard. Bilbo is called upon to do more than he imagines himself capable of. He does not like to travel, preferring the safety of his hobbit-hole, but he has inherited a streak of adventurousness from his mother’s side, the Tooks. His adventurous Took side and his comfort-loving Baggins side are in conflict throughout much of the story. It is clear from his early attempts to sneak up on enemies, such as with the trolls that he has a lot to learn and his early failures show that he is much more of a dynamic character than Beowulf is in the way that he learns heroism and courage and refines his skills as time goes by. Near the beginning of their journey, Bilbo was quite vulnerable to the dangers and was frequently rescued by the others. As the adventure continues and Bilbo shows his worth and value first in the Misty Mountains and then secondly with the Elves and then finally the spiders, Bilbo becomes a hero in his own right. As he progressed through the quest, he went on his own little adventures which helped him become braver and wiser. Bilbo willingly forfeits his own claim to the treasure in order to secure peace. Bilbo shows himself to not just be a hero in terms of his skills and qualities but a hero in his character as well which is something arguably that Beowulf does not show as he seems to risk his own life against the dragon knowing that his death would be disastrous for his own people. Finally, his heroic status is secured when he delivers the Arkenstone of Thrain to the Elvenking and Bard in order to secure a peace between the dwarves and the elves and humans.

Research and Decision Making Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research and Decision Making Assignment - Essay Example Recognizing the growing income in India through the booming of business process outsourcing industry which requires worker to work at night, the company can opt to cater to call center agents who need coffee in during their shifts (India 2008). As coffee is marketed as a stimulant because of its caffeine content, Coffee Time can market itself as the primary choice for people who want to stay awake and energetic amidst the stress of being up all night. For this, the company should conduct its own market research analyzing the demographic, lifestyle, and culture of this particular group. Demographics should primarily look at income and age. Lastly, the company can succeed by strategically modifying its product offerings for its target market. It should be noted that India should be treated as a market apart from its operations abroad. Thus, the product should be localized according to the researched preference of the customer.

Resort and Casino Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resort and Casino Management - Case Study Example Sun City Casino Resort is a big casino and entertainment resort that’s located in the northern province of South Africa. Its niche is that it is a resort that attracts people who like going to casinos along with enjoying adventurous trips and great scenic beauty. It is a part of the Sun City chain of hotels that have four different hotels with different themes and attractions. It is located next to the Pilanesberg National Park and is surrounded by natural vegetation and an old inactive volcano. The hotel complex has 2 casinos that provide the visitors the Vegas atmosphere and entertainment. It has 4 luxury hotels that include the fabled Palace of the Lost City, Cascades, Main Hotel and Cabana. The casinos are situated within the complex and are open throughout the year. There are hundreds of slots machines and all the basic and popular table games such as stud poker, Texas Hold’em, blackjack, American roulette and Punto Banco.Apart from its main attraction, it caters t o many other common management characteristics that make it appealing to people. It provides sporting facilities that allow the visitors to play their favorite sports and games. It has a world famous Golf course which hosts â€Å"home of the Sun City Million Dollar Challenge which is an extravagant event and the main attraction for international professional tour calendar every year.Big singing celebrities such as Queen, Black Sabbath, Frank Sinatra and Bryan Adams have performed concerts at the Sun City Super Bowl venue. This is very important for any resort as one of its management functions is to provide customers unique experiences and events that would make their trip memorable and create goodwill for the resort as well. As the services business is all about making the customer happy, Sun City Resortprovides many facilities and rewards for its guests. As Sun City is global and is a part of the Sun International hotel and casino group the guests are eligible for rewards such as the Most Valued Guest program. This program has four different categories which are termed as maroon, silver, gold and platinum. these categories are decided by the no. of loyalty points you have earned as a guest of the Sun

Justification Report Part 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Justification Report Part 2 - Assignment Example Miller Park construction in Milwaukee which failed to take the equipment efficiency guidelines of OSHA seriously exceeded its deadline by one full year. Their crane collapsed killing three workers on the spot. This caused them unnecessary law suit, loss of talent, labor issues and the construction cost exceeded enormously. Miller Park projects total budget was $413.9 million. This was 28.5% higher the estimated amount due to the one year delay. The crane repair costs and compensation accounted for $100 million. OSHA has reported four potentially dangerous accidents prior to the crane fatality. But the construction company ceased to lend ears to them causing this massive loss of money and man power. Paul Brown stadium was completed in 2.5 years. Its proposed completion budget was $453 million. The project was completed within the proposed amount on the given deadline without any casualties. Construction sites being highly vulnerable places to work, the project recorded a total of 92 minor accidents, 16 of which stalled work causing delays in the building construction. But, severe implementation of strict safety measures saved them nearly $4.6 million and loss of life. The worker compensation went into speeding up the work making up for the delays. OSHA states, implementing the safety measures strictly helped the project save nearly 58% of the money set aside to handle accidents and work place injury. A common debate arouse in this comparison as to why the Millers Park project was initially assigned very little amount for construction. While both the projects involved nearly the same features, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America, Inc. and Lampson International Ltd agreed to give only $322 million to the Danny’s construction company. This led to compensation in employee safety and use of age old equipments leading to massive losses. Hence, the US government fined Mitsubishi heavily than the other two companies ($240,500). This proves awareness and education

EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 - Thesis Example The Equal Pay Act was signed into law by President John Kennedy on 1963 and it sought to bring about an end to the pay disparities based on sex that were prevalent in the United States at the time. The passing of this law was done because of the belief that sex discrimination went against the constitution of the United States because it depressed the living standards of employees because equal pay was needed to ensure that they were capable of not only increasing the efficiency of these individuals but also their health. Furthermore, it was believed that wage disparities brought about a situation where there was no maximal use of available labor. In addition, it was found that pay disparities based on sex often led to considerable labor disputes which were detrimental to commerce because they interfered with commercial activities (Bhasker and Kleiner, 1998). There was concern that as a result of women getting paid less than their male counterparts, there would develop a situation whe re commercial activities, mainly the free flow of goods and services, would end up being disrupted. Finally, it was believed that the lack of equality in pay constituted the development of unfair competition and this situation had to be corrected to ensure that all individuals in American society had equal opportunities when employed. The signing into law of the Equal Pay Act was one of the numerous steps which have been taken over several decades to ensure that there is gender equality in the workplace. In order to eliminate the pay gap, new legislation must be created and passed, specifying equal pay requirements and employers need to implement this legislation in order to correct their pay practices. . Before the passage of the Equal Pay Act, women had faced pay discrimination for many years and this was despite women forming a significant part of the American

Serivice Performance Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Serivice Performance Marketing - Research Paper Example Levels of service performance are defined on the basis of two main principles: indicators related to results of the organization’s performance and indicators related to determinants of the results. Moreover, an introduction of innovations and improvement in the sphere of management and customers’ needs satisfaction are basic pillars of modern companies’ performance (Carraher et al, 2006). Service performance in the Eastern world companies Therefore, there are possible steps of service performance of the organizations: to compare real and expected performance levels of the organization, to define relevant actions, to take appropriate actions. Thus, for the first group such points as outputs of financial performance and to the second group belong such groups as quality, flexibility or innovation etc (Frock and Boadu, 2002). In the developing countries, there is a need to improve service performance of the organizations. It is very important for modern organizations to satisfy the customer’s needs as it is required by new market conditions (Carraher et al, 2006). It is convenient to assure certain degrees of stability of performance in the market, to guarantee reliability of the organization’s performance. ... Other companies from public service sector from Singapore have focused their attention on the following factors: service quality guaranteed to their customers and clients. As far as we can see, there is promotion of an evident client-based approach in the service performance of Asian organizations (Marsh et al, 1999). Accountability and availability of services provided by the organizations is of crucial importance nowadays (Jones, 2001).  In small businesses and international companies it is of high importance to develop relevant strategies to meet expectations of customer, increase output of the company and keep it balance with the company’s input. We can confirm these suggestions by the following fact: â€Å"It is observed that performance of Indian industries for many measures differ significantly on the basis of national and international standards†¦such aspects as level of inventory, manufacturing cost, employee turnover rate and percentage rejection are related to such issues as services delivery speed, flexibility in production, labor productivity, capacity utilization, satisfaction of employees, customers and suppliers† (Carraher et al, 2006). As far as we can see, the companies of the Eastern region are concerned about appropriate innovations and improvements in their performance. Conclusion The role of service performance measurement in the assessment of every organization’s activity in the market is very important. Different advancements in companies’ services signify an essential breakthrough in the area of service performance of organizations. It is relevant for the modern companies to focus on various

The Status of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Status of Women - Essay Example Denied higher level schooling, and schooling in general in some cases, prevented from obtaining any legal rights or owning property as a separate entity from their father or husband and with a majority of her household work unconsidered in terms of the physical work she could accomplish, women had little opportunity to do anything other than be a wife and a mother. Against this backdrop, women who found themselves in non-traditional situations - the widow, the businesswoman, the intellectual - continuously struggled to find a better balance between men and women that allowed women some of the freedoms afforded to men, while women who fell within the societal norms also found themselves being forced into a more dominant role. Roles began shifting slowly as women grew into and then out of the ideology of the True Woman into that of a New Woman in personal and public spheres. As they moved from the rural setting to the industrialized city setting, women in America saw tremendous changes in the way they were expected to live their lives - from lives of working alongside the men in the fields they moved to working exclusively within the home, finally setting the stage by the end of the nineteenth century for the advances of the women's movements that would dominate the early part of the twentieth century. Colonial America saw la... "During the early history of the United States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions. If a poor man chose to send his children to the poorhouse, the mother was legally defenseless to object" (Comptons, 1995). "Before the middle of the nineteenth century, the property rights of American married women followed the dictates of common law, under which everything a woman owned became her husband's property upon her marriage" ("Married Women's Property Acts", n.d.). However, there were some women who lived in colonial America who "worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers and singers" (Comptons 1995). This was because "prior to the 1800s, there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could practice medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women" (Comptons 1995). Even this changed, though, by the beginning of the nineteenth century when women were again relegated to the acceptable positions of writing and teaching only as the educational requirements for these professions were increased and women, fulfilling their obligatory role of wife and mother at an early age, were unable to complete the necessary training. These restrictions on what a woman could do or own were partly due to the fact that most women were not considered intelligent enough to consider all the consequences involved in managing business or political situations. Most could not prove otherwise as they did not have the access to formal schooling that would have provided them with these skills. "In colonial times, formal learning had a low priority. Girls' education typically took place at home, where

Comparison of the key management and leadership aspects of Essay

Comparison of the key management and leadership aspects of organisations in the private sector, public sector and not for profit - Essay Example The behavioural approach to management is preferred to other approaches to management because it takes into consideration the behaviour of employees. Behaviour is one of the key factors that significantly influence performances of employees in various organizations. Therefore, managers who wish to lead and motivate employees should fully understand how behaviours of individuals under them respond to different phenomenon in the organisation. This will enable them integrate and influence the environment under which the employees work, without hurting their feelings. According to Sloan (1964), number of factors including manager’s biasness, the type of organisation as well as growth and development stage of an organisation among other factors influence choice of management approach in any given organisation. The development of the behavioral approach to management in an organisation The behavioral approach was derived from human relations approach management. This is because its major focus is human dimension at work. According to this approach, productivity is improved through proper understanding of individual’s behavior at work. Human relation theorists defined the employees as individuals, resources, and assets. In the behavioral approach, direct relation exists between employee satisfaction and production. Most human experts believe that workers are more productive when they are satisfied. Therefore, managers who wish to increase and improve organisation’s performance should work hard to meet the needs of people who are working for them. In addition, the theorists believe that employees can be empowered through training, motivation and providing appropriate tools for work. According to Tripathi (2008), the behavioural approach to management gives employees more flexibility in terms of autonomy, independence and empowerment in the organisational structure (Barnard, 1962). The behavioral approach points out that human rationality has constr aints when making the optimal decisions. These constraints are both practical and situational. Both employees and managers may make sub-optimal decisions due to influence by their behaviour. According to Vroom (1964), behaviorists insist that it is appropriate to humanize administration control process and encourage self-direction process rather imposing controls to restrict individuals. Managers should also consider various needs of individuals when influencing people because employees are different. In organizational conflict and change, behavioral approach remains to be practical. It addresses the inevitability of conflict and proposes that conflicting individuals should be understood. Furthermore, it acknowledges that individual often resist change on social aspects. Workers are often organised into teams in the behavioural approach. This is because managers in most organisations are biased to a flatter organisational structure. Application of behavioural approach to management began in 1930’s as a reflection of Hawthorne’s expression of human relation movement and organisational behaviour development. The field of organisational behavior was developed to fill the gap left by early human relation experts who concentrated on inter-personal relations and gave little attention to the patterns of group behavior. As compared to human relations approach management, behavioral approach concentrates it efforts in the study of human behavior. Douglas, McGregor, Chester Barnard, Rensis

The Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

The Road Not Taken Essay Every adult faces challenges and life-altering decisions. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost this dilemma is brought to life. The character in the poem has free will to choose whichever path he wants. He is completely unaware of what his choice will bring but he leaves it to chance. He knows he has to make a choice and that it is impossible to know whether or not it is the right choice. He knows that no matter what his choice is he will always wonder what his life would have been like had he chosen the other path. In reality there is no right or wrong path. There are only decisions and outcomes. The theme of decision making in this poem takes a â€Å"seize the day† approach. No matter the outcome the traveler knows he still must make a decision and make the best of it. The setting of the poem takes place in the woods. The character is standing there studying a forked path. It is ironic that both paths are seemingly the same, they are both intriguing to the traveler and he wishes that he could travel them both. The forked path is symbolic of life and all of its many choices that must be made. Just as the character is unaware of what his choice may bring, outcomes of adult choices do not always turn out as expected. The title of the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is significant. The poem is named after the path that was ultimately not chosen, leaving the reader to believe to think it was written with regret. In stanza 4 the regret is brought to light with a metrical device. â€Å"Sigh† is an onomatopoeia that emphasizes the characters regret or relief. That one word makes the reader want to go back and reread the poem to make sure the theme is understood. The traveler is either regretting his decision that he made or he is relieved that he made the best choice for himself. It is left up to the reader’s interpretation to discover what the poet was trying to say. Some other metrical devices used are imagery, symbolism, personification, rhyming, alliteration, and allegory. The reader is presented with imagery in â€Å"two roads diverged in a yellow wood† and again in â€Å"And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black†. This gives the reader something to visualize. Personification is used in â€Å"because it was grassy and wanted wear. † A road cannot produce a feeling to want wear. The rhyme scheme of ABAAB in this poem produces interest and makes for an entertaining read. Alliteration is used when the poet writes â€Å"wanted wear†. Allegory presents itself when the poet writes about the two paths when his ulterior message is about choices. All of the devices used in the poem support the poets overall theme. Out of all of the â€Å"roads† faced in life the roads not chosen to take have just as much impact as the roads that are chosen. There is no way of knowing the outcome of a decision unless you make the decision and see what happens. You may be happy with that choice, or you may sigh and wish you had made a different choice. Some of the choices you make are final, the poet makes light of this when he writes â€Å"I doubted if I should ever come back†. It is as if he knows that he will not ever be returning to â€Å"The Path Not Taken†. The poet allows the reader to come to their own imaginations, ideas, and outcomes in this poem. This is a poem that can be interpreted many different ways.